Performance Management: Not Just for Line Managers

I'm working on a book about performance management, so I'm reading articles and other books about the subject to see what's out there. Overall I'm finding a focus on front-line managers, and on achieving organizational results.  What about more senior leaders?

If asked, I suspect the executives in most organizations would believe everyone learns good performance management skills as a front line leader and takes that skill into higher level roles.

​But based on anecdotes and my review of articles and books so far, my hypothesis is that this is a gap for mid- and senior-level leaders.